A B S T R A C T

The purpose of the research is to examine the role of credit policy in ensuring economic stability within the global financial system and to conduct a comparative analysis of the strategies pursued by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in this field. The study focuses on the structural features of international credit mechanisms, their importance for developing countries — including Azerbaijan — and their impact on global economic stability.

The methodology of the research is based on economic comparison, structural analysis, and dynamic statistical methods. The empirical basis includes data from the World Bank, IMF, and other international financial institutions for 2020–2025, as well as official macroeconomic indicators of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

The practical importance of the research is that its results can be used in formulating strategies for cooperation with international financial institutions, improving debt management policy, and strengthening national economic resilience.

The results of the research demonstrate that the credit policies of international financial institutions play a significant role in maintaining global economic stability, strengthening fiscal discipline, and improving social welfare. The World Bank focuses on long-term development and structural reforms, while the IMF ensures short-term financial stability and currency sustainability. Their interaction increases the overall efficiency of the international financial architecture.

The originality and scientific novelty of the research lies in substantiating the role of credit policy not merely as a borrowing mechanism but as a strategic instrument of global economic governance. Additionally, the study systematizes the stages of Azerbaijan’s cooperation with international financial institutions and highlights its contribution to the formation of “green” and “digital” economic models.

Keywords: international financial institutions, credit policy, World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), global financial stability, economy of Azerbaijan.

http://doi.org/10.59610/bbu1.2026.1.4.