A B S T R A C T

The purpose of the research is to explore how economic activity was interpreted through moral and cultural values in the intellectual systems of antiquity and the Middle Ages, and to analyze the historical context of these approaches.

The methodology of the research - the study applies a retrospective and comparative approach, analyzing historical, philosophical, and religious texts in terms of the influence of morality on economic activity.

The practical importance of the research - the findings demonstrate that in the formulation of economic policies, not only technical factors but also moral values should be taken into account. This perspective suggests that economic development can be achieved more sustainably when guided by values such as social stability and justice.

The results of the research - economic thought has historically been shaped within moral and ethical frameworks and interpreted through religion, philosophy, and culture across diffe­rent periods. Contemporary development theories provide more comprehensive and effective perspectives when linked with classical moral values.

The originality and scientific novelty of the research - this study offers a new perspec­tive by systematically analyzing economic ideas of antiquity and the Middle Ages within a moral context.

Keywords: history of economic thought, economic activity, ethics, religion, moral va­lues.

http://doi.org/10.59610/bbu3.2025.3.9